Indication

Enoparin is indicated for

 

  • Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic disease, in particular those which may be associated with orthopaedic, general, major colorectal or cancer surgery

 

  • Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in general medical patients bedridden due to acute illnesses including acute heart failure, respiratory failure, severe infections, rheumatic disease
  • Treatment of venous thromboembolic disease
  • Treatment of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction, administered concurrently with Aspirin
  • Prevention of thrombus formation in the extra-corporeal circulation during hemodialysis


Dosage & Administration

Method of Administration:

 

Enoxaparin Sodium should be injected by deep subcutaneous route in prophylactic and curative treatment and by intravenous route during hemodialysis. DO NOT ADMINISTER BY THE INTRAMUSCULAR ROUTE.

The pre-filled syringes are ready-to-use. The air bubble from the syringe should not be expelled before the injection. The subcutaneous injection should preferably be made when the patient is lying down. Enoxaparin Sodim is administered in the subcutaneous tissue of the anterolateral or posterolateral abdominal wall, alternately on the left and the right side. The injection itself consists in introducing the needle perpendicularly and not tangentially, throughout its entire length into a fold of skin held between the thumb and index finger. The skin fold should be held throughout the injection.

Adult dosage:

 

Prophylaxis of venous thrombosis in surgical patients: Prophylaxis against thromboembolism should be tailored according to the patient\'s risk. Risk factors include age over 40 years, history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, surgery and other trauma, prolonged immobilisation, cardiac disease, obesity, malignancy, varicose veins, hypercoagulable states, pregnancy and the puerperium, oral contraceptives, severe infection, inflammatory bowel disease.

a) High Risk Patients: In patients with high risk of thromboembolism, a Enoparin dosage of 40 mg should be administered subcutaneously once daily. In high risk patients undergoing surgery, the initial dose should be given approximately 12 hours preoperatively.

b) Moderate Risk Patients: In patients with a moderate risk of thromboembolism, the recommended Enoparin dosage is 20 mg subcutaneously once daily. In moderate risk patients undergoing surgery, the initial dose should be given approximately 2 hours preoperatively. Note: The timing of the first dose may need to be modified if spinal/epidural anaesthesia is to be performed. Prophylaxis should be continued for 7 to 10 days or until the risk of thromboembolism has diminished.

c) Prolonged Thromboprophylaxis: Therapy with 40 mg once daily for 30 post-operative days has been proven to be beneficial in total hip replacement surgery.

 

Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in medical patients: The recommended dose of Enoparin is 40 mg once daily by subcutaneous injection. Treatment with Enoparin is prescribed for a minimum of 6 days and continued until the return to full ambulation, for a maximum of 14 days.

 

Treatment of venous thromboembolic disease: Enoparin can be administered subcutaneously either as a single injection of 1.5 mg/kg or as twice daily injections of 1 mg/kg. In high risk patients, e.g., the obese or patients with baseline iliac vein thrombosis or cancer, a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight administered twice daily may be more beneficial. Enoparin treatment is usually prescribed for an average period of 10 days. Treatment of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: The recommended dose of Enoparin is 1 mg/kg every 12 hours by subcutaneous injection, administered concurrently with oral Aspirin (100 to 325 mg once daily). Treatment with Enoparin in these patients should be prescribed for a minimum of 2 days and continued until clinical stabilisation. The usual duration of treatment is 2 to 8 days. Prevention of extra-corporeal thrombus during hemodialysis: The recommended dose of Enoparin is 1 mg/kg. For patients with a high risk of haemorrhage the dose should be reduced to 0.5 mg/kg for double vascular access or 0.75 mg/kg for singular vascular access. During hemodialysis, Enoparin should be introduced into the arterial line of the circuit at the beginning of the dialysis session. The effect of this dose is usually sufficient for a 4 hour session however, if fibrin rings are found, such as after a longer than normal session, a further dose of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg may be given.

 

Elderly : No dose reduction is necessary in the elderly, unless kidney function is impaired.

 

Children : The safety and efficacy of Enoparin in children has not been established.

 

Renal Impairment: Severe Renal Impairment: A dosage adjustment is required for patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min). The recommended dosage ranges for therapeutic use is 1 mg/kg once daily and for prophylactic use is 20 mg once daily. The recommended dosage adjustments do not apply to the hemodialysis indication. Moderate & Mild Renal Impairment: Although no dose adjustment is recommended in patients with moderate (creatinine clearance 30-50 ml/min) and mild (creatinine clearance 50-80 ml/min) renal impairment, careful clinical monitoring is advised.


Precautions

Enoxaparin injection should not be administered by the intramuscular route. Enoxaparin Sodium, as with any other anticoagulant therapy, should be used with caution in conditions with increased potential for bleeding, such as: impaired haemostasis, history of peptic ulcer, recent ischaemic stroke, uncontrolled severe arterial hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, recent neuro- or ophthalmologic surgery. It is recommended that the platelet counts be measured before the initiation of therapy with Enoxaparin Sodium and then regularly thereafter during the treatment.

 

Pregnancy And Lactation
Pregnancy: Pregnancy category C. As there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women and because animal studies are not always predictive of human response, Enoxaparin Sodium should be used during pregnancy only if the physician has established a clear need.
Lactation: It is not known whether unchanged Enoxaparin Sodium is excreted in human breast milk. However, as a precaution, lactating mothers receiving Enoxaparin Sodium should be advised to avoid breast feeding.


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